ricette e vini

 enogastronomia ricette tipiche
by Valeria
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Typical recipes and wines of the traditions Italian regional enogastronomiche. Our itineraries enogastronomici and the critiques on restaurants and wine cellars derive from our direct experience

 

 

 

 
FOOD IS METABOLISM
 

All the trials of the organism that ask for production, consumption or accumulation of energy and that they maintain us in life they are said in their complex metabolism, when the metabolic trials arrest him, the body dies.
The metabolism can be divided and in anabolism and catabolismo.

  • Anabolism: he/she understands all the trials that use energy to make to increase, to maintain and to mend the organism.
  • Catabolismo: he/she understands all the trials in a which of the substances are demolished for freeing energy.
You try anabolici and catabolici they constantly happen. The alimentary substances that constitute our nourishment divide him in three principal categories: carbohydrates, proteins and fats that are formed from lower case letters particles, the molecules, to them it turns formed of small particles even more, the atoms: in the bonds that hold united the atoms in the molecule energy you/he/she is imprisoned. In the metabolism it is had therefore a passage of energy from the foods to the organism.

CARBRATI
formed by great molecules as the starch, you/they cannot directly pass from the digestive apparatus to the blood, but you/they must be demolishes before and meeting places to carbohydrates with smaller molecules: this happens during the trial of the digestion. During it the complex carbohydrates are separated and meeting places to Glucose, that is a simple sugar, soluble. The Glucose is brought by the blood to the cells and it is in the cells that, through the breakup of the chemical bonds of the molecules of glucose, he frees energy.

 

To operate this demolition the oxygen is necessary, brought to the cells by the blood. The process of assumption and use of the oxygen to produce energy from the sugars it is said respiraton. This doesn't happen only in a passage; this scheme considers only the initial and final products of the reaction. The Glucose turns him into a citric sour said chemical mixture before; then this suffers a series of transformations, that you/they constitute the cycle of the citric acid or Cycle Of KREBS in their whole.
In the cycle of the citric acid a certain quantity of energy is freed, and contemporarily it also frees him carbonic anhydride, water and Hydrogen: subsequently the oxygen is combined with the hydrogen with formation of other water and liberation of other energy. At the end of the trial well 60% initially look for some contained energy in the molecule of Glucose you/he/she has made disposition of the organism as useful available.

Carbonic anhydride remains only, that passes from the cells to the blood for then to be eliminated by the bellows with the expiration, since' its accumulation would alter the chemical equilibrium of the blood with deleterious consequences. After a meal the quantity of Glucose in the organism increases. Partly it it passes in the cells to furnish energy, partly you/he/she is turned into Glicogeno and accumulated in the liver and in the muscles. When the rate of Glucose in the blood decreases, some Glicogeno comes ritrasformato in Glucose, that passes in the blood bringing him/it to one of normal glicemia. The brain draws only its energy from the Glucose, motive for which it is important that the blood of it' hands an enough quantity to the brain.
If in the transformation of the Glucose in energy, the oxygen is scarce, the lactic acid is formed, toxic chemical mixture for the cells that the feeling of the muscular work provokes. In the moderate movements, as the to walk, can be introduced with the normal respiraton a quantity of enough oxygen to destroy the lactic acid, while in the heavy exercises as the run, the lactic acid is produced in abundance and to destroy needs him/it to accelerate the respiratory rhythm: in fact racing himself/herself/itself pants, so that to introduce in the organism a great quantity of oxygen. The athletes train him, note, to develop the respiraton and to be able to assume oxygen in great quantity; when you/they have reached the form, I am able to prolong notably the physical activity, before warning the tiredness.

During the digestion the Fats ingested with the foods are separated in molecules smaller (glycerine and fat acids) than they pass in the blood in the form of lower case letters drops. Both the fat acids, and the glycerine, can suffer the Cycle Of KREBS to produce energy: the complete oxidation of a gram of fats produces 9 calories (chilocalorie). The fats not used for the production of energy are assimilated in the adipose fabric and accumulated. The Proteins inserted with the food are separated during the trial of the digestion in said smaller molecules

aminoacidi, that passes in the blood and you/they is assumed by the cells. In the molecules of the aminoacidis there is a part that contains nitrogen, when the aminoacidis are used for producing energy, the nitrogen is freed and you/he/she can poison the organism if you/he/she is not eliminated. Blood provides therefore to transport the nitrogen to the liver, where you/he/she is turned into urea, that is transported in turn to the kidneys for then to be expelled with the urine. Eliminated the nitrogenous fraction, the aminoacidis can participate in the Cycle Of KREBS and to produce energy, or, as the glucose, to be turned into glicogeno. But, the organism needs indeed aminoacidi for the production of his/her own proteins to use in the growth and to replace damaged or destroyed cells: this is the principal function of the proteins, and therefore to demolish to produce her energy is a waste.
For all the metabolic trials the Enzymes are necessary chemical substances of protein nature, that influence the speed of the chemical reactions: without them the metabolic trials would be slow or they would not happen at all. All the enzymes are specific, they act only that is for one determined reaction or for a group of similar reactions tightly and therefore for a correct operation of the organism thousand of different enzymes are needed; some of them act only in presence of said substances COENZIMI (the vitamins often develop the function of coenzimi). The metabolic trials are activated besides by Hormones (chemical messengers), that provoke the to establish him of a determined trial or they inhibit a trial in action. The hormone Tirodeo, the Tiroxina, makes to accelerate the metabolism. A person cuts from exaggerated production of this hormone you/he/she is nervous, you/he/she has an excessive perspiration and an elevated bodily temperature; contrarily, if the hormone is produced in shortage, the metabolism, it is warned cold and if such insufficiency him potrae for years, the growth, without the appropriate cares, you/he/she will be reduced.

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